Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

Gaius Julius Caesar was born on July 13, 100 BC. Although patrician descent, Caesar's family had not achieved real prominence. His father, also named Gaius Julius Caesar, was the brother-in-law of Gaius Marius and married Aurelia, who was connected with the prominent Aurelii family; he died about 85 BC, however, before reaching the consulship. In 84, Caesar married Cornelia, daughter of Marius's old partner Lucius Cornelius Cinna. When Lucius Cornelius Sulla ordered him to divorce her, he refused and escaped harm through the intervention of such people as his mother's relative, Gaius Aurelius Cotta. Caesar was then sent to collect a fleet from the Roman ally Nicomedes IV of Bithynia and was honored for conspicuous bravery at the siege of Mytilene. Returning home after Sulla's death , he unsuccessfully prosecuted two Sullans, Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella and Gaius Antonius Hibrida. He then left Rome for studies in Rhodes but was captured by pirates. After obtaining ransom, he recruited private troops, captured the pirates, and had them executed in. His studies on Rhodes were interrupted by the outbreak of war with Mithradates VI of Pontus, against who he gathered a force in 74. During a legateship to help Marcus Antonius Creticus fight piracy, Caesar was made a pontiff at Rome in 73 BC. After his military tribunate and possible service against Spartacus, he sided with those seeking power from outside the circle of nobles who dominated the Senate. He supported restoration of tribunician powers and the recall from exile of those who had supported Marcus Aemilius Lepidus in his revolt of 77. Caesar also advertised his Marian connections: by displaying Marius's effigies at his aunt Julia's funeral; through funeral orations for both Julia and his wife; and by the restoration of Marius' battle trophies on the Capitoline Hill. After a quaestorship in Spain, Caesar earned popularity among the Transpadane Gauls by supporting their agitation for Roman citizenship. He next married Pompeia, granddaughter of Sulla and relative of Pompey the Great, and evidence indicates that he supported important military assignments for Pompey in 67 and 66. As aedile in 65 BC, he achieved great popularity--and went into debt--by financing splendid games. He also probably cooperated with Marcus Licinius Crassus in an attempt to annex Egypt, in supporting Catiline for the consulship, and in promoting the land-distribution bill of Publius Servilius Rullus. In 64 BC, Caesar presided over trials of those who had committed murder during Sulla's proscriptions.

Primary Source Analysis: the French Revolution and Human Rights

Perhaps one of the most unique eras in world history was the Enlightenment, a time period in which intellectuals like Voltaire, Adam Smith and Denis Diderot â€Å"Observed with unprecedented acuity the evils and flaws of human society in their day† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, March and, and, 621) and sought to change the worldview of their generation both socially and politically. Those intellectuals believed that by sharing an aspiration to spread knowledge, human judgments could resist ignorance. Today, the ideals of those Enlightenment thinkers have become the foundation of many, if not all human societies. The Enlightenment had a great impact on the world, especially on Europeans who were customary to old practices of fixed social hierarchies, in which the king held absolute power. The knowledge gained from this intellectual movement brought about many changes in society. Minority groups such as women â€Å"gained confidence in their own worthiness—to create art, to write books, to observe the world accurately, and perhaps even rule their states† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, and, 619). The Enlightenment also paved the way for a newer approach towards the concept of human rights. Human beings were granted certain individual rights known as their â€Å"natural rights† that was always convenient by law. Before the French Revolution, European cultures were restricted by â€Å"two major institutions: the Catholic and Protestant churches and the dynastic court systems† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) where individual rights were given based on social ranks. The Enlightenment influenced the concept of human rights in France in that society had a better awareness of their world, which contributed to the emergence of cultural ambitions such as women forming political clubs to debate for social and political equality. Traditional governing ideas were gradually replaced by new governing visions to protect the natural rights of citizens over the king’s authority. For instance, prior â€Å"traditional Christian belief in original sin and God’s mysterious tamperings with natural forces and human events† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 617) were abandoned. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens was also established, which helped changed the social and political structure of the country. Additionally, and perhaps the most influence the Enlightenment had on the concept of human rights in France was that it provided â€Å"freedom of religion, freedom of the press, no taxation without representation, elimination of excessive punishments, and various safeguards against arbitrary administration† (Hunt, 77). Having been greatly influenced by the American War of Independence, â€Å"French officers who served in North America arrived home fired by the ideals of liberty that they saw in action in the New World† (Hunt, 13). French deputies met in 1789 with constitutional ideals adopted from Americans like Thomas Jefferson and George Mason, establishing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens in an effort to drive the â€Å"ideas of rights and liberties in a more universalistic direction† (Hunt, 13). A more Universalistic direction basically meant replacing ideals of the old order with knowledge gained from the Enlightenment. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens empowered all French citizens with protected liberties and granted all men equality under the law. It also declared that the basis of all sovereignty rests most importantly in the nation. Additionally, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens not only grant these rights, but â€Å"trumpeted individual rights, the principle of equality and connected more closely the concept of the people with the nation† (Tignor, Adelman, Aron, Kotkin, Marchand, 647). It is obvious that the document had great significance. Prior to the declaration, political and social situations raised questions that were often left unanswered, usually sparking tensions between government and society. France’s government was based on the old order, a monarchy system in which feudalism was practiced and aristocratic values were vital. Under such system, â€Å"legitimacy depended on the king’s will and maintenance of a historic order that granted privileges according to ranks and status† (Hunt, 15). The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens granted all people of the French society equality under the law, yet the content of those â€Å"true, inalienable natural rights of humanity† remained undefined (Hunt, 6). Several national assemblies were held, but not one of them acknowledged women’s political rights. Rather, all of those assemblies dodged granting women equal political rights. Women were still forbidden â€Å"the rights to meet as a group, draft grievances, or vote† (Hunt, 60). As a result, women, influenced by the declaration, debated for specific rights when â€Å"they saw the opening created by the convocation of the Estates General and hoped to make their claims for inclusion in the promised reform† (Hunt, 60). Between 1790 and 1791, members of a group called Cercle Social, formed by agitated omen, campaigned for equal political rights. Their campaign exposed discrimination against women that denied them equal rights in marriage and education. In that same year (1791), female activist Marie Olympe De Gouges issued the Declaration of the Rights of women in an effort to prove that women had been excluded from the promises of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. In her declaration, she requested that â€Å"The law should be the general will. All citizenesses and citizens should take part†¦in its formation. It must be the same for everyone. All citizenesses and citizens, being equal in its eyes, should be equally admissible to all public dignities, offices and employments† (Hunt, 27). She argued that women and men were born equal in rights. Therefore, women should have all those rights that a man enjoys such as holding public offices. However, all of these actions of the Parisian women soon increased the National Convention’s negativity towards women and their rights. From October 29-30, 1793, the National Convention held a discussion about women’s political clubs and abolished all women’s clubs. They claimed that women were â€Å"hardly capable of lofty conceptions and cogitations† because â€Å"their body and social role made them unsuited for public affairs† (Hunt, 29). Yet, they felt threatened by women’s organized political activities. The Age of Enlightenment significantly changed the fundamentals of European cultures, and French society during the eighteenth century. It took them away from their rituals of the old regime where government was dominated by monarchy. It formulated ideas on how the churches and the dynastic court systems could be reformed. The Enlightenment also influenced the establishment of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens. However, fundamental questions about rights especially that of women, remained unanswered. The declaration did little to change the inferior status of women. â€Å"None of the national assemblies ever considered legislation granting political rights to women (who could neither vote nor hold office), and on a few occasions on which the possibility arose, however tentatively, the deputies greeted it with widespread derision and incredulity† (Hunt, 27).

Electron Affinity (Chemistry Glossary Definition)

Electron affinity reflects the ability of an atom to accept an electron. It is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom. Atoms with stronger effective nuclear charge have greater electron affinity. The reaction that occurs when an atom takes an electron may be represented as: X e−  Ã¢â€ â€™ X−   energy Another way to define electron affinity is as the amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a singly charged negative ion: X−  Ã¢â€ â€™ X e− Key Takeaways: Electron Affinity Definition and Trend Electron affinity is the amount of energy required to detach one electron from a negatively charged ion of an atom or molecule.It is indicated using the symbol Ea and is usually expressed in units of kJ/mol.Electron affinity follows a trend on the periodic table. It increases moving down a column or group and also increases moving from left to right across a row or period (except for the noble gases).The value may be either positive or negative. A negative electron affinity means energy must be input in order to attach an electron to the ion. Here, electron capture is an endothermic process. If electron affinity is positive, the process is exothermic and occurs spontaneously. Electron Affinity Trend Electron affinity is one of the trends that can be predicted using the organization of elements in the periodic table. Electron affinity increases moving down an element group (periodic table column).Electron affinity generally increases moving left to right across an element period (periodic table row). The exception is the noble gases, which are in the last column of the table. Each of these elements has a completely filled valence electron shell and an electron affinity approaching zero. Nonmetals typically have higher electron affinity values than metals. Chlorine strongly attracts electrons. Mercury is the element with atoms that most weakly attract an electron. Electron affinity is more difficult to predict in molecules because their electronic structure is more complicated. Uses of Electron Affinity Keep in mind, electron affinity values only apply to gaseous atoms and molecules because the electron energy levels of liquids and solids are altered by interaction with other atoms and molecules. Even so, electron affinity has practical applications. It is used to measure chemical hardness, a measure of how charged and readily polarized Lewis acids and bases are. Its also used to predict electronic chemical potential. The primary use of electron affinity values is to determine whether an atom or molecule will act as an electron acceptor or an electron donor and whether a pair of reactants will participate in charge-transfer reactions. Electron Affinity Sign Convention Electron affinity is most often reported in units of kilojoule per mole (kJ/mol). Sometimes the values are given in terms of magnitudes relative to each other. If the value of electron affinity or Eea is negative, it means energy is required to attach an electron. Negative values are seen for the nitrogen atom and also for most captures of second electrons. It can also be seen for surfaces, such as diamond. For a negative value, the electron capture is an endothermic process: Eea   −ΔE(attach) The same equation applies if Eea  has a positive value. In this situation the change ΔE  has a negative value and indicates an exothermic process. Electron capture for most gas atoms (except noble gases) releases energy and is exothermic. One way to remember capturing an electron has a negative ΔE  is to remember energy is let go or released. Remember: ΔE  and Eea  have opposite signs! Example Electron Affinity Calculation The electron affinity of hydrogen is ΔH in the reaction: H(g) e- → H-(g); ΔH -73 kJ/mol, so the electron affinity of hydrogen is 73 kJ/mol. The plus sign isnt cited, though, so the Eea  is simply written as 73 kJ/mol. Sources Anslyn, Eric V.; Dougherty, Dennis A.  (2006). Modern Physical Organic Chemistry. University Science Books. ISBN 978-1-891389-31-3.Atkins, Peter; Jones, Loretta (2010). Chemical Principles the Quest for Insight. Freeman, New York. ISBN 978-1-4292-1955-6.Himpsel, F.; Knapp, J.; Vanvechten, J.; Eastman, D. (1979). Quantum photoyield of diamond(111)—A stable negative-affinity emitter. Physical Review B. 20 (2): 624. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.20.624Tro, Nivaldo J. (2008). Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (2nd Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-100065-9.IUPAC (1997). Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2nd Ed.) (the Gold Book). doi:10.1351/goldbook.E01977

The Symphony Of Beethoven Symphony - 1556 Words

Beethoven’s Seventh Symphony showed the world not only what a nearly perfect musical composition sounds like, but also the sheer relevance and absolute importance of historical context in the perception of music. Written from 1811 to 1812, the piece has to this day remained one of Beethoven’s greatest works. Beethoven dedicated the symphony to Count Moritz von Fries, an aristocrat that frequently hosted Beethoven in his more than accommodating home. The premiere for the symphony was on December 8th, 1813 at a charity concert where the proceeds went to wounded Austrian and Hungarian soldiers from the battle of Hanau. The symphony was immediately popular, winning the admiration of critiques and audiences alike. Described as the most perfect†¦show more content†¦After underestimating the size of the French army, the allies retreated from Madrid and into a small town in western Spain called Ciudad Rodrigo. It was at this point that the French sustained a significa nt blow from the failed invasion attempt on Russia. As a result, Bonaparte withdrew a sizable portion of troops from the western peninsular war to replenish his primary army. Meanwhile the Duke took the time to reinforce the allied army, and began pushing the French forces out of Madrid. 105,000 allied soldiers met the largely demoralized French army of 60,000 at Vitoria. The Battle decisively ended the peninsular war and led to the eventual collapse of Napoleonic rule in Europe altogether. As did most people in Europe at the time, the inhabitants of Vienna despised Napoleon and the French in general. The victory at Vitoria therefore caused a universal sense of celebration and euphoria to spread throughout Vienna. Originally written for the panharmonicon, a large, automated organ capable of creating several different sound effects, Wellington’s â€Å"Victory† was changed for the orchestra. A friend of Beethoven’s, Johann Nepomuk Maelzle, an engineer best known for inventing the metronome, requested that he compose a piece that would commemorate the victory over Napoleon. Widely considered Beethoven’s worst piece: â€Å"a piece of startling crudity,† â€Å"The Battle Symphony† premiered on DecemberShow MoreRelatedBeethoven, Symphony No. 92393 Words   |  10 PagesBeethoven, Symphony No. 9 Ludwig Beethoven was not only one of the greatest composer musician ever born- he is a wonderful study tool for me during exam week. My faithful study partner was born in a small town, Bonn, Germany on December 16, 1770 to a family of professional musicians. Beethoven learned violin and some other instruments from his father. His father wanted him to be perfect in music, and in that endeavor he violently scolded Beethoven whenever he made any kind of mistake duringRead MoreReview Of Beethoven Symphony No. 9 1301 Words   |  6 Pages Ludwig van Beethoven once said, â€Å"Music, in truth, is the mediator between intellectual and sensual life†. Though he and his music were from an entirely different era, both still have relevance in our lives today. Music from the past is all around us on the radio, in commercials, and on the big screen. For example, one of Beethoven’s most famous symphonies, â€Å"Symphony No. 9†, makes an appearance in many movies. It eve n makes an appearance in Die Hard. Though we like to think that which is oldRead MoreBeethoven Concert Symphony No 61128 Words   |  5 Pages BEETHOVEN CONCERTS The â€Å"Pastorale† Symphony and the â€Å"Emperor† Piano Concerto, one named by Ludwig van Beethoven and the other by a friend, are splendid examples of Beethoven’s musical acumen. These pieces are more formally known as Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 and Piano Concerto No. 5. This concert report will cover both pieces and will contain my impressions of each piece. Symphony No. 6 â€Å"Pastorale† was performed by the Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen, and was conducted by Paavo JarviRead MoreBeethoven, Symphony No 3 ( Eroica )1447 Words   |  6 PagesBeethoven, Symphony No. 3 (Eroica) Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the greatest composers and a musical genius. Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770 in Bonn, Germany and died on March 26, 1827 in Vienna, Austria. Beethoven came from a family of musicians just like many other great composers before him had. At the age of only 11 Beethoven began serving as an assistant to the court organist and had several published piano compositions at the age of 12. At the age of 18, he became the legal guardianRead MoreThe Footsteps Of Beethoven s Final Symphony1351 Words   |  6 PagesBeethoven’s Final Symphony. 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I will examine the clear distinctions between each section and how he does not stray from the typical form. In later years the form would changeRead MoreThe Fifth Symphony By Ludwig Van Beethoven1561 Words   |  7 Pagesgenre. My personal musical taste is a variety of genres and choosing the three pieces represents my musical mixture. The Fifth Symphony composed by Ludwig Van Beethoven is one of my favorite classical pieces. Beethoven was a famous deaf composer and the most leading influential musical figure in the Romantic era. The Fifth Symphony was written between 1804 and 1808. Beethoven held a concert to debut his pieces, but it did not go as well as planned. The audience was bored and tired from sitting in theRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Symphonies1558 Words   |  7 Pages Ludwig van Beethoven’s nine symphonies are indispensable pieces of music and contributed to him being referred to as one of the most famous musicians in all of musical history. His symphonies are still played today and are recognized around the world. He is known as a symphonic master due to his nine symphonies. Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer during the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras. Beethoven’s symphonies were greatly influenced by Haydn and Mozart inRead MoreThe Impact Of Beethoven On The Development Of The Symphony Until Mahler3555 Words   |  15 PagesDiscuss the impact of Beethoven on the development of the symphony until Mahler. Difficult as it may be to define the true relationship of an artist to his successors, this difficulty is enormously increased when the subject is as complex a man and musician as Beethoven. His role as both a â€Å"preserver of the eighteenth-century tradition1 and a pioneer of romantic self-expression, has secured his status as one of the most revered composers in the history of Western music. Throughout his symphonic cycleRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Symphony1368 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven was a prolific musician of the 18th Century who, in all his time, composed nine symphonies, one opera, five piano concertos, thirty-two piano sonatas, and many other string quartets and hundreds of songs . Throughout this essay I shall be focusing on the symphony that after four years of hard work and plenty alterations , was brought to life and to this day is probably one of the best-known classical pieces: Symphony No. 5 in C Minor. This piece contains great e xamples of music

Renee Business Plan - 5082 Words

Business Plan for a Startup Business The business plan consists of a narrative and several financial worksheets. The narrative template is the body of the business plan. It contains more than 150 questions divided into several sections. Work through the sections in any order that you want, except for the Executive Summary, which should be done last. Skip any questions that do not apply to your type of business. When you are finished writing your first draft, you’ll have a collection of small essays on the various topics of the business plan. Then you’ll want to edit them into a smooth-flowing narrative. The real value of creating a business plan is not in having the finished product in hand; rather, the value lies in the process of†¦show more content†¦Describe your industry. Is it a growth industry? What changes do you foresee in the industry, short term and long term? How will your company be poised to take advantage of them? Describe your most important company strengths and core competencies. What factors will make the company succeed? What do you think your major competitive strengths will be? What background experience, skills, and strengths do you personally bring to this new venture? Legal form of ownership: Sole proprietor, Partnership, Corporation, Limited liability corporation (LLC)? Why have you selected this form? Products and Services Describe in depth your products or services (technical specifications, drawings, photos, sales brochures, and other bulky items belong in Appendices). What factors will give you competitive advantages or disadvantages? Examples include level of quality or unique or proprietary features. What are the pricing, fee, or leasing structures of your products or services? Marketing Plan Market research - Why? No matter how good your product and your service, the venture cannot succeed without effective marketing. And this begins with careful, systematic research. It is very dangerous to assume that you already know about your intended market. You need to do market research to make sure you’re on track. Use the business planning process as your opportunity to uncover data and to question yourShow MoreRelatedBottled Up And On The Go Inc1984 Words   |  8 Pages Bottled Up Inc. Bringing Wine Country to you Table of Contents - Renee 1. Executive Summary 2. Business Overview 3. Product or Service Description 4. Market Analysis 5. Operational Plan 6. Financial Projections 7. Appendix 8. Structure Executive Summary Summary Bottled up and on the Go Inc will offer customers throughout the Niagara, Hamilton and Halton Regions, a variety of Local Wines and Cheeses. It is a Mobile Wine Vendor designed to standRead MoreThe Pizza Wars5176 Words   |  21 PagesThe Pizza Wars Come to Campus | | | | | | Table of Contents Introduction 3 Background 3 Identifying the Problem 4 Question 1: Does BSB, Inc., enjoy any competitive advantages or core competencies? 5 Question 2: Initially, how did Renee Kershaw choose to use her pizza operation to compete with off-campus eateries? What were her competitive priorities? 8 Question 3 : What impact will the new food court have on Kershaw’s pizza operations? 11 SWOT Analysis 11 What competitive priorityRead MoreShort Story1220 Words   |  5 PagesWatching the two of them, I felt crushed inside. I could see the play of emotions on Lauras face as she tried valiantly not to cry. Losing that battle when a few tears escaped, sliding silently down her cheeks. I thought about all of our plans, our wedding plans all but finalized, everything we were working on together. 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System Engineering Components and Modules

Question: Discuss about theSystem Engineeringfor Components and Modules. Answer: Introduction According to Friedland (2012), the system design is referred to the implementation or the design of demonstrating process of architecture, components, modules, interfaces and the data for a system for satisfying the specified necessities. The major aim of this particular report is to analyse as well as implement the system design by shedding light on the system validation, evaluation and system test as well of the environmentally conscious building construction project. On the other hand, this particular report also illustrates a deepened analysis of the system validation and system testing and the evaluation of this particular green building construction project. Apart from that, the design optimization of this particular project of constructing environmentally conscious buildings is also aimed to be analysed. Besides that, the operations of the system design of the green building construction project are also discussed in terms of reliability and maintainability. This report has pa id attention on providing appropriate evidences for establishing the literature quality through the supporting materials. For this report, the content case analysis is also aimed to be portrayed in this report. System Test, Evaluation and Validation System Testing Material Testing - While constructing any green building or the environmentally conscious building, the project of such building construction has to do the material testing in terms of detecting defects, analysing features as well as verifying the material characteristics for the application trials and for improving the new materials or conducting fundamental research in the theoretical strength of the materials (Brger and Strk 2012). Thus, the non-destructive, mechanical as well as physical testing techniques have been utilized for performing the material testing in the project of constructing the green buildings. Concrete and Aggregate Testing The aggregate as well as the concrete testing should be implemented in then project of constructing the environmentally conscious or the green buildings. This type of project with the help of this particular testing technique can comply with the relevant regulations as well as the standards of quality (Van Gigch 2013). The aggregate and the concrete have helped this kind of constructional project in order to implement the informed decisions with advice, guidance and the review of the test data. Apart from that, this particular testing technique can also ensure the concrete as well as the aggregate quality of the project. Certification of the roofing and Insulation materials the certification of the insulation as well as the roofing material can assure the insulation materials, roofing membranes, roofing elements as well as the fastening systems with all the applicable needs (Obinata and Anderson 2012). Brick as well as Block Testing Brick as well as block testing can be the elements or the materials that would provide the proper lifetime performance for the project of constructing green buildings as well as ignore the improper applications (Ackermann 2012). System Evaluation Any particular projects evaluation refers simply to the systematic process of investigating the merit as well as the worth of a certain object. According to the evaluation of the project of constructing green buildings or the environmentally conscious buildings, this kind of projects can be evaluated as the environmentally sust6ainable buildings (Hays and Singer 2012). On the other hand, it can also be stated that the project of constructing green buildings incorporate the innovative as well as advanced technologies which result in the formation of lowest rate of Carbon dioxide emission. System Validation While the system validation of the green building construction projects is concerned, few significant as well as importantly points can be considered. These are as follows: The green building construction can be able to meet the best practice for the sustainable commercial development associated with various important initiatives like the energy co-generation for the non-potable supply (Schrammel, Melham and Kroening 2013). The green buildings can be able to address the problem the carbon dioxide emission by minimizing it and meet the non-potable water demand through the harvesting rainwater as well. The project of constructing the environmentally conscious buildings can easily take maximum advantage of economic as well as environmental performance (Demas, Lau and Elks 2015). This kind of constructional projects can implement the market for the green products as well as service. On the other hand, this project can make an improvement on the occupant productivity. One of the most important aspects of the validation of the green building construction project is that this kind of project can be able to enhance the quality of Indoor Environmental Quality (Walker 2015). It is one of the five categories, which was designed for providing productivity, well-being as well comfort of the occupants. Optimisation in Design and Operations for Reliability and Maintainability Optimisation in the System Design The optimization in the design of the Green Building construction project is the integrated optimizing process of the cost of energy, revenue, determining the advanced machineries for the design of the project as well as the development of the innovative technology of this kind of project. As per Correa et al. (2013), the system design of this project requires that the engineers should consider the trade-offs those are present among the project implementation attributes in the areas of cost, weight, manufacturability, quality as well as performance. Therefore, the system design of such type of project of constructing environmentally-conscious buildings has to be optimized for the performance and efficiency early in the project design cycle and reduce the waste of materials (Pahl and Beitz 2013). In case of this project, the optimization of the successful execution of the green building construction can be evaluated by means of maintainability and reliability. Apart from that, as per the viewpoint of Friedland (2012), the most significant fact of designing system of the environmentally-conscious building project is that the system design optimization of this project can be evaluated through the maintenance and reliability output (Ackermann 2012). The operations of maintainability and reliability as well as the design optimization of the green building construction project consist of the criticality or the importance of the system or equipment, reliability and availability of the inherent system of the green building construction project. Apart from that, the design optimization of the environmentally conscious building construction project is comprised also of the availability projection of the future operation as well as the dsign changes focusing on the cost implications with the help of the cost-benefit analysis. While monitoring of the project of constructing developing Green Buildings has implemented the pointy that the moderate reliability was only got there were the situations of extenuation, those can also be explored through designing the system (Hays and Singer 2012). In terms of ensuring the maintainability as well as reliability factors and the system design optimization involved in the project execution, the operation manager and the team of project management should make a conscious move in order to find the new ways to design and construct new buildings (Schrammel, Melham and Kroening 2013). The transferability outcomes of all the technologies used to conduct the whole operations in order to design the system of the green building construction project can be actually achieved through modelling and by using the monitoring studies as the fundamentals for the settings of the parameters or assuring the maintainability and reliability associated with the project. The project of the environmentally-conscious building construction should focus on the maintenance strategy implementation in terms of ensuring reliability and maintainability in the system design operation. The system design optimization of this type of environmentally sustainable project can be achieved as a result of ensuring maintainability and reliability. As opined by Demas, Lau and Elks (2015), the maintenance strategy process can help the project in order to ensure that the development team and project management are capable of performing the exact maintenance on the proper equipment with the appropriate resources, at the proper time, in terms of accomplishing the objectives of this particular constructional project (Walker 2015). Thus, in case of this project, the ultimate system design objectives are for ensuring optimization by aligning the maintenance efforts to the business necessities. Apart from that, the maintainability and reliability operations can also be ensured b y reducing the damages and loses of the equipment. As a whole, most importantly, the strategy of maintenance ensures the reliability and the maintainability factors of the construction project after the execution of this project. Human Factors in the Designing Concepts It is essential to consider the human elements or the factors in the development stage of the environmentally-conscious building construction in terms of achieving the structure usability and the operational efficiency of the project (Hays and Singer 2012). Thus, the human factors include in the design and the development of the constructional project required for the effective and proper understanding of various factors of the structural design of the green buildings (Chang 2016). Nevertheless, It is the true fact that the architectural designers are one of the most important human elements for the project execution. It is very crucial to derive the distinct human factor requirement in terms of designing the structural element of the green buildings in the early stage of this project. The determination various human elements in the green building development in the process to underpin different job is required to accomplish the construction procedure and the development process as well. As per Ackermann (2012), the effective and the efficient breakdown to the various human factors working on the greening building construction project assisted in the easier maintenance and management of activities. Apart from that, Walker (2015) have demonstrated the fact that the human elements with the project construction was essential to combine both of the tasks and the duties those are allocated to them for the effective accomplishment of the task. The human factors responsibilities along with the system include the decision making efficiency, making management, task completion and controlling the task in th e environment that is optimized completely. At the time of the phase of development, the primary or the initial design of the constructional project, it is significant to make the validation of the design of the system and determine the system effectiveness and efficiency (Fong and Lee 2014). Besides that, the dynamic and static elements of the green building constructional project necessary to the efficiently managed and accessed by the engineers, architects, manager and workers who are working on this project. The participating people in the design and development of the environmentally conscious building construction can effectively provide the limitations and requirements of the implemented buildings as well (Hubka 2015). Thus, the designers and the engineers in this particular project can effectively assist in the process of calculating and evaluating the impacts of the stress factors and the external factors of the project (Pahl and Beitz 2013). On the other hand, the appropriateness and the effectiveness of the people w ho have anticipated in the design of project also assist in terms of accomplishing the objectives behind the construction of the green building projects. It is necessary for keeping available a group of personnel in terms of providing maintenance and safety of the green building after the completion of the development phase of the project along with that. Conclusion The structural design and the operational stability analysis of the project constructing environmentally conscious building is mandatory and crucial as well for ensuring reliability, maintainability and the optimization in designing the system of the green building construction project. The maintainability and efficiency in the design and the structural architecture of the green building construction project can be established with the evaluation and the conduction of the system testing and analysis of several elements those are influencing maintainability, reliability and the stability of the green buildings. Nevertheless, environmental sustainability, water sustainability factors and the optimization of several load factors can provide huge and effective stability to the project structure. Moreover, the human factors in the system design or the system development such as the architects, engineers and design team can bring about the stability, efficiency and the safety in the green building architecture. Reference List Ackermann, J., 2012.Sampled-data control systems: analysis and synthesis, robust system design. Springer Science Business Media. Brger, E. and Strk, R., 2012.Abstract state machines: a method for high-level system design and analysis. Springer Science Business Media. Chang, A.P., 2016, March. Research on defining green road project management operating scope by application of PDRI. InAdvances in Civil, Architectural, Structural and Constructional Engineering: Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil, Architectural, Structural and Constructional Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea, August 21-23, 2015(p. 95). CRC Press. Correa, D., David Krieg, O., Menges, A., Reichert, S. and Rinderspacher, K., 2013. HygroSkin: a prototype project for the development of a constructional and climate responsive architectural system based on the elastic and hygroscopic properties of wood. Demas, M., Lau, N. and Elks, C., 2015. Advancing human performance assessment capabilities for integrated system validationA human-in-the-loop experiment. InProceedings of the 9th American Nuclear Society International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Plant Instrumentation Control and Human-Machine Interface Technologies (NPIC HMIT) Fong, K.F. and Lee, C.K., 2014. Investigation on hybrid system design of renewable cooling for office building in hot and humid climate.Energy and Buildings,75, pp.1-9. Friedland, B., 2012.Control system design: an introduction to state-space methods. Courier Corporation. Hays, R.T. and Singer, M.J., 2012.Simulation fidelity in training system design: Bridging the gap between reality and training. Springer Science Business Media. Hubka, V., 2015.Principles of engineering design. Elsevier. Obinata, G. and Anderson, B.D., 2012.Model reduction for control system design. Springer Science Business Media. Pahl, G. and Beitz, W., 2013.Engineering design: a systematic approach. Springer Science Business Media. Schrammel, P., Melham, T. and Kroening, D., 2013, November. Chaining test cases for reactive system testing. InIFIP International Conference on Testing Software and Systems(pp. 133-148). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Van Gigch, J.P., 2013.System design modeling and metamodeling. Springer Science Business Media. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Mores Utopia Essays (709 words) - Utopian Novels, Idealism, Utopia

More's Utopia Thomas More's Utopia is one of the defining works of the Renaissance period. During this era, there was rampant change all over Eastern Europe. The failing governments were being revamped into more democratic organizations and focus was placed on the community as opposed to the dictator or monarch. Thus, the concept of an ideal society in which citizens governed themselves and strove for the good of the community, such as that in Utopia, seemed revolutionary. His book gained widespread notoriety among the humanists of the Renaissance and to this day it continues to serve as a model of a perfect society. In my opinion, however, it serves as only that...a model of a perfect society. Utopia is simply a standard by which to compare all other societies by. I would venture to say that More created it as an unrealistic ideal and not an actual goal to be attained. Based on More's description of Utopia, I feel that a Utopian community is not possible. The concept of a Utopia is simply not possible for a wealth of reasons, one of which is the fact that humans are greedy. Not all people are greedy, but, as a whole, human beings are greedy, that is, they always want more. Very rarely will there be a person that is truly satisfied with the condition of his/her life. In More's Utopia, everyone is equal; all people have the same amount of everything. Supposedly, this would prevent people from wanting more. When everyone has the same amount everyone is satisfied, right? Wrong, there is nothing to prevent people from wanting more than their ration of food, firewood, or other resources. In a situation such as a drought where there is only a small amount of a resource and a small ration is given to everyone, people will be that much more likely to want more than their share. If all I'm getting for dinner is a slice of bread I will want more regardless of the fact that everyone else is getting the same amount. This might lead to me stealing someone else's ration, thus throwing off the delicate balance of a perfect society. Furthermore, the desire for more is not limited to material things, such as food and other resources but also entails the desire for more wealth, power, or higher social standing. In a society with no class division and no wealth such as Utopia, therefore there is nothing to strive for. When there are no goals, people will not work. Sadly, there is no incentive for people to labor for the community when there is no prospect of gaining anything for themselves. This will produce a community of apathetic, unmotivated workers, which will eventually lead to the downfall of the Utopian society. Another issue that makes Utopia an unrealistic goal is the fact that in a perfect society everyone would be equal. The concept of equality is incredibly idealistic and simply not possible amongst a large group of people. By adding slaves to the model society, it is obvious even More could not avoid class divisions. It is also human nature to put people into groups, whether it is based on skin color, creed, status or education. Certain groups would be admired, and conversely certain groups would be looked down upon. This will create hostility and unrest amongst the citizens and will ultimately destroy the model society. It was na?ve of Thomas More to think that humans could exist in a society without ever creating social divisions. More would probably argue that without material possessions and social division people would not make distinctions between each other. However, I feel that people will create divisions among themselves, even if it must be based on the most trivial of differences. A Utopian society certainly sounds like a wonderful place, but is it a realistic place? Most people would say no, including myself. Sadly, not too many people have enough faith in human kind to ever see a community such as this one flourish. Several years ago, an experiment in communal living was done on what is known as Brook Farm. This was supposed to be a modern day Utopia however it failed miserably due to unrest among the people living in the community. This proves that an ideal society can never exist, not because people are greedy or need to make class distinctions but because people would be unhappy in More's Utopia due to the lack of growth and progress both in society and individually, thus making it an imperfect